The CDC has issued a warning about a virus capable of causing symptoms similar to polio in children. The return of students to school, where the use of face masks is discouraged, has led to an increase in the transmission of infectious diseases. Alongside COVID-19, other common pediatric illnesses continue to pose challenges for families. A surge in the number of children hospitalized with enterovirus D68, a respiratory disease with polio-like symptoms for children, prompted an urgent alert from the CDC on September 9, 2022.
The Origin of Enterovirus D68
More than a hundred different enteroviruses have been identified, including EV-D68. While an enterovirus is responsible for causing polio, EV-D68 does not. Another recognizable form of enterovirus is Coxsackie. Enterovirus infections are most prevalent between July and October, with various strains cycling through the population annually, according to the CDC.
Enterovirus D68 Symptoms
Symptoms of EV-D68 infection are typically mild and flu-like, including a sore throat, fever, cough, and a runny or congested nose. More severe symptoms may include breathing difficulties and wheezing, particularly dangerous for children with asthma. These symptoms can be easily mistaken for a common cold or flu, with some cases exhibiting no symptoms at all.
Can Enterovirus D68 Cause Paralysis?
Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a severe complication associated with EV-D68, characterized by muscle weakness in the limbs. While AFM symptoms may resemble those of polio, the two conditions are distinct. Although rare, AFM can lead to serious consequences, including limb weakness, slurred speech, and difficulty swallowing.
Factors Contributing to the Rise in Enterovirus D68 Cases in Children
The CDC reported an increase in EV-D68 cases during July and August of 2022 compared to previous years. While AFM cases had not been reported as of August 30, vigilance is advised for parents of sick children, as EV-D68 often precedes AFM. The heightened social interaction among children in school settings, coupled with reduced mask usage in recent academic years, may contribute to the increased prevalence of EV-D68.
Enterovirus D68 Treatment and Prevention
Treatment for viral infections typically focuses on symptom management and supporting the body’s immune response. Adequate rest, hydration, and, if necessary, asthma medications for respiratory symptoms are recommended. Physical therapy may benefit children with AFM. Prevention strategies include frequent handwashing, avoiding face touching, and maintaining cleanliness of shared surfaces.
Although the CDC’s alert regarding enterovirus D68 is concerning, severe illnesses in children are rare. Respiratory symptoms are common with EV-D68, and children with asthma may experience more severe effects. Prompt medical attention is essential if symptoms of AFM, such as limb weakness or speech difficulties, are observed.
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